Reflection Paper 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Reflection Paper 2 - Essay Example Social psychologists David W. Merill and Roger H. Reid defined social styles as the ability to help others understand things (Thompson, 2002, p. 21). During an interview, social styles are applied to communication so that both persons helped each other understand what they are saying and conflicts can be prevented. There are four social styles identified by Merill and Reid, namely: direct (driver), spirited (expressive), considerate (amiable), and systematic (analytical) social styles. Each of the four styles is unique from each other depending on the level of assertiveness and responsiveness. Assertiveness is the degree in which a person influences other people either by directly telling them what they think or asking other people’s thoughts before they tell their own thoughts. Meanwhile, responsiveness is the manner by which a person responds to other peoples comment either through used of factual words or conveyance of emotional words or gestures (Thompson, 2002, p. 23). Di rect (Driver) social style has high assertiveness and controls emotions. People of this style by are decisive, has formal speech, direct eye contact, maintain physical distance, coercive and poor listener. The spirited (expressive) type displays emotions and has high level of assertiveness.

Women’s liberation movement of the 1960’s Essay Example for Free

Women’s liberation movement of the 1960’s Essay Imagine what the life of a woman was before the 1960’s. The life that she had called her own was beyond far from perfect, and this was just behind closed doors. These ladies were denied of what basic rights they had, they were then trapped in a home that they created not just for themselves, but also for their family, and not to even mention the discrimination that they faced in the workplace. Then, here come the 1960’s in full swing, these women could then have a say in their government, and with all these new changes for the women of this time, they could now receive equal employment opportunities as men, meaning the same wages. This then created brand new routines and they would not have to feel guilty about leaving their children at home. The women’s liberation movement of the 1960’s helped all of these changes to come about through its phases of policies and radical ways of thinking. In fact, just to show some of these radical ways of thinking, there were some extremist women who made a â€Å"Freedom Trash Can† and filled it with representations of the woman who was trapped in the home life. They would throw objects such as these; heels, bras, a girdle, hair curlers, and even magazines such as Cosmo, Playboy, and Ladies’ Home Journal in it. The women who put the Trash Can together planned to set it on fire, but decided not to do so because burning of the contents prohibited by a city law (Echols 150)1. Needless to say, given the numerous obstacles that were put in place to stop the women from changing their status in society, the women’s movement of the 1960’s made significant changes for women in regards to their basic rights, in the home, and in the workplace for the better. †¨ Denied their basic rights in most aspects of society, all the way from political rights to reproductive rights, women in the U.S. have fought vigorously for equality. For example, women fought for their rights not to symbolize â€Å"beauty objects† or â€Å"sex objects.† In 1968, 100 women protested the Miss America Beauty Pageant because it promoted †Å"physical attractiveness and charm as the primary measures of a woman’s worth,† especially the swimsuit portion of the contest (Echols 149)2. Since the presence of the  media displayed beauty as the only way for happiness, the idea that women’s only importance was for their bodies became more widespread. Later, once women recognized that they were worth more than just looks, they took the measures to overcome the media’s hype about women’s bodies. The largest protests staged, the Miss America protest and the Freedom Trash Can protest, helped women claim national attention towards their struggles. Because of the 1960’s Civil Rights Movement that was also going on at the time, the climate seemed just right for women to speak out as well, therefore they received attention too (Echols 153)3. Women also fought for the right to abortion or reproductive rights, as most people called it. In response to the 1960’s abortion effort, women established an underground hospital that was just for abortions, called Jane in Chicago. Following this example, other secret clinics launched up everywhere. In big cities, women’s health clinics, rape-crisis centers and women’s bookstores developed. As a result of the New York Radical Women, a group founded in 1967, a â€Å"women’s community† developed throughout cities and neighborhoods around the nation (Echols 160)4. In these communities women got together to talk about their problems, usually dealing with male chauvinism, and they discussed how to overcome their problems. Probably the largest achievement for women regarding abortion rights came in 1960 when the Food and Drug Administration approved birth control pills and approved them for marketing a year later (National Women’s History Project)5. This proved to be a major step for women in regards to their reproductive rights. Now that women had an abortion option, they were not as tied to the home as they had been. They had the ability to work and go out without having to always feel the burden childbearing or childcare until they were ready. If perhaps a woman made a mistake and became pregnant before she was ready, the opportunity of abortion was always available to her. To conclude, women during the 1960’s fought hard to earn rights that society denied them. Many noteworthy domestic changes for women were accomplished during the 1960’s. For example, childcare became a 1960’s issue. Gwen Diab, an activist and supporter of the women’s struggle during the 1960’s declares, â€Å"Women were hesitant to leave the home before the 1960’s because they felt guilty leaving their children all alone. By the 1960’s, women started to get over the feeling of guilt and left their house more frequently heading off to women’s clubs or meetings†.  Society believed that â€Å"a woman could either be a career woman or she could stay at home and have children. There was no way she could do both† (Sanger 517)6. Society also believed that if a woman were to become pregnant , she would stay in the home, caring for her children, because that is where she belonged. Margaret Sanger, a traditionalist, also concluded that if a woman took the risk of getting pregnant and if she was â€Å"a working woman, should not have more than two children† (Sanger 519)7. â€Å"Childcare was the first step towards breaking down society’s view that the sole responsibility rested with the woman† (The Women’s Movement 419)8. Since the number of workingwomen increased in the 1960’s, men felt reluctant to share housework, but however this did improve and the men have been taking more responsibility for childcare as well. However, domestic issues went far beyond childcare in the ‘60s. For instance, an anonymous woman in Iowa wrote many letters to her sister relating her dealings with her feelings on the issue of domesticity. Many times, she wrote about how she felt as though she was the only woman that said anything in the homeowner’s meetings. Because of her openness, the other women became scared of her and her seeming ly radical ways. â€Å"Therefore, she felt as though she didn’t quite fit in with the other women in her community. One man even felt scared of her because he thought that she was too smart to be a woman. She stated, ‘Nobody expects a woman to talk. It bothers them all, especially the men.† (Gornick, 150)9. This shows how America still belonged to a traditional time where women were expected to stay at home and take care of the home and children. These feelings soon changed with the growing participation of women in their communities. It took time for men to start to think of women as equals, and not just â€Å"the second sex.† Unfortunately, these changes took a long time in coming because women were thought to be feminist militants if they wanted any type of change in society and called communists and man haters if they had anything to do with the liberation movements. Because of these accusations, many housewives were scared to get involved in this movement, but the career women tried to gain their support. Because the career women didn’t really have backing or support for the movement, there were few gains in the early years. It was only when women such as Gloria Steinem, Simone de Beauvoir and Angela Davis got involved, that normal housewives felt that they could make a difference and that their rights were worth fighting for.  As one can see, the 1960s made many advances for women in the area of domestic issues. The last and major area, in which the 1960’s made significant changes for women, was in the workplace. Later, as the economy of America began to expand, women started working for a second family income, although they only made 60% of what men were earning (Echols 152)10. Denied credit by banks before the ‘60’s, women could not receive capital to start their own small businesses because a man always received first priority when it came to funds for starting up a business. Fortunately, after a long struggle, the National Credit Union Administration accepted feminism as a field and let them draw credit. Women even began to have their own professional and labor organizations to keep themselves progressing. During the early stages of the 1960’s, many changes were put in place to help women get to the top. For instance, in 1961 President Kennedy created the President’s Commission on the Status of Women, chaired by Eleanor Roosevelt. Eleanor had played a key role in establishing the Universal Declaration of Human Rights in 1948 and shed defended both womens economic opportunity and womens traditional role in the family, so she could be expected to have the respect of those on both sides of the protective legislation issue. Eleanor chaired the commission from its beginning through her death in 1962. The twenty members of the Presidents Commission on the Status of Women included both male and female Congressional representatives and Senators; Senator Maurine B. Neuberger of Oregon and Representative Jessica M. Weis of New York, several cabinet-level officers which included the Attorney General, the Presidents brother Robert F. Kennedy, and other women and men who were respected civic, labor, educational, and religious leaders. There was some ethnic diversity; among the members were Dorothy Height of the National Council of Negro Women and the Young Womens Christian Association, Viola H. Hymes of the National Counci l of Jewish Women. Fifty other parallel state commissions were eventually established. Also, the Equal Pay Act, which was planned in the ‘40’s, was finally acknowledged that men and women who worked the same job should have equal pay. Another major achievement for women in regards to the work place was in 1964, when the â€Å"Title VII of the Civil Rights Act† barred employment discrimination by private employers, employment agencies and  unions based on race, sex and other grounds. To investigate complaints and enforce penalties, it established the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, which received 50,000 complaints of gender discrimination in its first five years† (National Women’s History Project)11. By 1965, President Johnson’s Executive Order 11246 ordered â€Å"federal agencies and federal contractors to take ‘affirmative action’ in overcoming employment discrimination† (National Women’s History Project)12. A major setback that women faced in the 1960’s was that as men realized what women were trying to do, some did as much as they could to keep fully qualified women out of their workplaces. In 1969, a Supreme Court Ruling changed all this. In the case of Bowe vs. Colgate-Palmolive, the Supreme Court ruled â€Å"women meeting the physical requirements could work in many jobs that had been for men only† (National Women’s History Project)13. As one can see, the 1960’s made many positive changes for women in regards to the workplace. To conclude the women’s liberation movement, the ‘60’s made many significant changes for women in regards to their basic rights, domestic issues, and their abilities to get fair job opportunities in the workplace. Although a woman still makes only about .70 cents for every dollar a man makes, they are still today the main caretakers at home, and they are still struggling for abortion rights. Women have come a lon g way from the traditional attitudes of the old, â€Å"modern† America, the radical 1960’s provided enough background and support for everything that the women had accomplished. Bibliography: Echols, Alice. Nothing Distant About It. New York: Harper Row, 1994. Gornick, Vivian. Essays In Feminism. New York: Harper Row, 1977 â€Å"National Women’s History Project.† [Online] Available http://www.legacy98.com, Oct. 11th, 2014. Sanger, Margret. Women’s activist on birth control, a sex edu., and a nurse

Analysis of Spring In War Time by Edith Nesbit :: essays research papers

Spring In War-Time by Edith Nesbit is a very moving poem. It describes nature in such a beautiful way, and then goes on to say how, to her, it is not beautiful anymore. She writes about her loss by saying things such as Where last year we used to go Where we shall not go again. Nesbit explains how she and her partner used to do lovely things together like go on walks in the woods and enjoy the nature. Her partner sadly died in the war, and since then, she can not appreciate nature's beauty anymore. Life seems to have stopped for her but in reality, life goes on. Just like last year's violets, too, But they have no scent this year. She is a casualty of the war, not physically, but mentally. She is wounded emotionally by the loss of her loved one. This poem is set out like a nursery rhyme, its message is simple. The message reads that, in her eyes, war has ruined everything that used to be beautiful. War is unnatural and cruel, completely the opposite of nature. Spring In War-Time reflects on the memories she had with her partner. It shows how they can never do things which they used to because war has taken him away, tearing them apart forever. It's obvious it is going to take Nesbit a long time to let it go, if not never. All on the verses have four stresses per line, with a rhythm and a rhyme, except for the last verse. Presently red roses blown Will make all the garden gay? Not yet have the daisies grown On your clay. This last verse just stops. Without warning, it just finishes and you are left thinking, "Oh..." It is short and it leaves the poem sounding slightly un-finished, like Nesbit?s life with her partner. It stops suddenly like his death, his death was sudden. This last verse tells us that he has only recently died in the war and been buried, becoming part of nature, not just an observer of it. Nesbit has all her memories of him to hold onto mentally, but physically all she has is his gravestone and maybe a few photos.

Proposal Online Banking

There has been a fundamental shift in the use of banking delivery channels toward self-service channels such the Internet [Hernandez-Ortega, 2007]. Internet banking, which was introduced in the early 1990s [Srivastava, 2007], makes it possible to replace the manual service functions provided by bank employees, along with the brick and mortar investment required of financial institutions [Dandapani, et al. , 2008]. It represents an electronic marketplace where consumers may conduct their financial transactions virtually [Reiser, 1997; Daniel, 1999].Today, financial service institutions that offer their services over the Internet are keen to accelerate the adoption process, knowing that the cost of delivering the service over the Internet is much less than delivering the same service over-the-counter [Polatoglu and Ekin, 2001]. In addition, Internet banking is an important innovation that presents institutions a vital distribution channel, which could act as a means of attaining compet itive advantage through cost reduction and better satisfaction of customer needs [Carrington, et al.  , 1997; Kassim and Abdulla, 2006; Mols, 1999].In response to the increased competition, banks in Malaysia are starting to leverage the Internet as a means to provide financial services. An empirical study by Sulaiman, et al. [2005] suggests that the adopters' perceptions of e-banking in developing countries appear to be very favorable. In Malaysia, however, despite the authorities? encouragement to the public to adopt Internet banking, traditional branch-based retail banking remains the most common method for conducting banking transactions.For example, Sivanand, et al.  [2004] found that, although more than 80% of their respondents were aware of Internet banking, less than 10% were currently using the services. With regard to information technology adoption, previous studies have suggested that the set of beliefs that influences an individual to adopt the technology may not be the same as the set of beliefs that leads to his or her initial adoption [Venkatesh, et al. , 2003]. According to Kruglanski and Klar [1985], each time a particular goal of an individual is achieved by a specific behavior, the cognitive link  between the behavior and goal becomes stronger.The result is a cognitive goal-behavior link that creates an automatic response behavior (i. e. , habit). This may suggest that factors that are considered by an individual in the initial stage of adoption may be different from the factors that are considered by him or her after using the technology. Repurchasing intention is one of the important constructs being studied by researchers [Soderlund and Ohman, 2003].Zeithaml, et al.  [1996] suggest that repurchasing intention is associated with a service provider?s ability to get its customers to remain loyal (i. e. , repurchase from the company), spend more with the company, and pay price premiums. In online business, the founder of Amazon. com, Jeff Bezos, noted that one way to build a relationship with customers is by observing their purchase behavior over time [Porter, 1998]. In another aspect, previous literature has highlighted numerous barriers to the adoption of Internet banking.One local finding suggests that the adoption of Internet banking is not so encouraging in Malaysia mainly because of factors such as lack of Internet accessibility, poor awareness, and security concerns [Suganthi, et al. , 2001]. Although there is sufficient evidence that the electronic revolution has commenced in Malaysia, Internet banking research, however, is still in its infancy, particularly with regard to the predictors of intention among current users to continue using the services.This study was undertaken, therefore, to better understand the predictors that may influence current Internet banking users to continue using these services. This paper attempts to determine predictors that may influence the current users of Internet banking to continue using the services. Based on the literature reviewed, we strongly believe that trust, compatibility, and ease of use are key predictors of their intention to continue using Internet banking services. The current users of Internet banking services in Klang Valley, Malaysia, were chosen as the population of this study.1.1 Research Question The objective of this study attempts to answer the following research question: Whether Internet banking services in Klang Valley Malaysia is accepted the Internet banking services for the country growth. Whether Internet banking services could improve the performance in Klang Valley in  Malaysia?1. 2 Problem Statement The explosion of internet usage and the huge funding initiatives in electronic banking have drawn the attention of researchers towards internet banking. (Yi-Shun Wang, Yu-Min Wang, Hsin-Hui Lin, Tzung-I Tang, (2003)) Point out the need for research to identify the factor that determine acceptance of internet banking by the user.  (Yi-Shun Wang, Yu-Min Wang, Hsin-Hui Lin, Tzung-I Tang, (2003))This study focuses on the adoption of Internet banking services by corporate customers in Malaysia and aims to gain a deeper understanding of the factors influencing the adoption of Internet banking services by Malaysian, particularly in Klang Valley customers. (Syed Shah Alam, Rosidah Musa, Faridah Hassan, (2009))1.3 Objective of the StudyThe objective of this project is to study effect of Internet banking services in Klang valley Malaysia on determinant of user acceptance of internet banking. Based on this goal, I have come up with sub-objectives to find out the determinants. The main objective why this study is being undertaken is to analyze whether the internet banking is accepted by people at Klang Valley in Malaysia. To determine that people in Klang Valley can adobe and can used it to improve their bank performance in the future.1.4 Significant of the StudyThis information is at least be able to provi de knowledge to researcher and me as well whether there is effect of financial risk management on financial sector performance in Malaysia and also how far the correlation between it.1.4.2 Investor This knowledge can be used by investor about the impact of financial risk management on financial sector in Malaysia when they need to make a certain decision1.4.3 To Generate Further Research With this study and other thousands research, it would be best to generate more knowledge for the future. As done by past professors and researchers, which now are being updated and improved to adapt to new environment and modern civilization. Not all past research can be reliable in the future, that’s why it is important to continuously keep it updated.1.5 Scope of Study The scope of this study are consist of banks in Malaysia and will focus in major area which is in Klang Valley. These studies are based bank in Klang Valley Malaysia. The data is a primary data and will be gathered directly from customer at the area.CHAPTER TWO LITERATURE REVIEW2.0 Introduction Basically, in this chapter will briefly explain in detail regarding the previous researches that have been done on overall topics about the determinants of user acceptance of internet banking ; an empirical study Klang Valley in Malaysia. There are several arguments favors and against on this debating issues that had been discover through previous studies.2.1 Previous studiesLichtenstein and Williamson from Australian (2006)Used mass media theories through individual and focus group discussion to determine the decision of internet banking adoption. Findings showed that Australian older people with low income reported themselves were lack of awareness towards internet banking and its advantage, lack of internet lack of internet access and internet confidence, inadequate knowledge and support to use or initial setting up procedure, lack of trust, security and privacy risks were among the reasons of not using inter net banking services.Aktas and Topcu from Turkey (2010)Found that security and reliability were among the important factor that influences the adoption of internet banking. This followed by infrastructural competencies and user friendliness among respondents with accessibility to internet, aged 20 to 45, higher level of education and socioeconomic class. The study used Multi-criteria decision aid-based (MCDA-based).Suganthi and Balachandran from Malaysia (2001)Focused on the factors of accessibility, reluctance to changes, costs, trust in one’s bank, security concerns, convenience, ease of use through online survey that potentially influence internet banking adoption. The results revealed that there were positive significant relationships between accessibility, reluctance to changes and awareness with internet banking adoption.Chung and Payter from Malaysia (2002)Study the information, legal statement, order, ease of use, aesthetics effects, performance and others elements of bank that provide internet banking. The study found that a negative significant relationship between age and internet banking adoption among Klang Valley adopters. Monthly gross income and job position level had positive significant relationship with internet banking adoption among Klang Valley adopters. Further, there was no significant relationship between gender, marital status, ethnic group, level  of education with internet banking adoption.Khalil and Pearson from Malaysia (2007)Applied theory of diffusion of innovation (IDT) (Rogers, 1995) that focused on five key belief (relative advantage, compatibility, complexity, trial ability and obeservability) and trust (Mayers et al., 1995) to explore the intention to use internet banking among university students. The results of structural equation modeling showed that trust, relative advantage and trial ability significantly influence attitude. The attitude was play as moderator that influences intention to use technology that is internet banking.CHAPTER THREE DATA AND METHODOLOGY3.0 IntroductionThis chapter will focus on the method that will applied, where the procedures is clearly stated and defined. The data section clearly elaborate on the process of collecting data that needs to be obtained in order to perform the tests while the methodology section elaborates on the types of methods or tests that will be performed in order to determine the effective results.3.1 QuestionnaireData that used in this study is by using the number of 300 executive level peoples with a questionnaire investigation. This is based on the primary data that been collect and obtain by the executive level people in the area.3.2 Research Model and Hypotheses1. Perceived usefulness 2. Perceived ease of used 3. Perceived credibility3.3 Computer Self-EfficacyIn general, prior research has suggested a positive relationship between experience with computing technology and a variety of outcomes such as an affect towards computers and comp uter usage (Levin and Gordon, 1989; Harrison and Rainer, 1992; Agarwal and Prasad, 1999). A related construct, called computer self-efficacy, has been examined in the IS literature (e.g. Compeau and Higgins, 1995; Compeau et al., 1999; Hong et al., 2001). Computer self-efficacy is defined as the judgment of one’s ability to use a computer (Compeau and Higgins, 1995).3.4 Research Framework The research framework in this study provides a picture regarding the relationship between Computer Self-Efficiency, Perceived Usefulness, Perceived Ease of Use, and Perceived Credibility to Behavior Intention. The Computer Self- Efficacy is the main thing to develop to the three and becoming the Behavior Intention. The figure below will show the relationship of the variables.3.5 Research Model This section will briefly explain the research model and methodology related to this research on the determinant of user acceptance of internet banking : an imperial study Klang Valley in Malaysia. Th e research model will be used to find the relationship between the three factors and will achieved the objectives of this study.3.6 Method usedDescriptive statisticThe following definitions are vital in understanding descriptive statistics: C Variables are quantities or qualities that may assume any one of a set of values. Variables may be classified as nominal, ordinal, or interval. — Nominal variables use names, categories, or labels for qualitative values. Typical nominal variables include gender, ethnicity, job title, and so forth. — Ordinal variables, like nominal variables, are categorical variables. However, the order or rank of the categories is meaningful.For example, staff members may be asked to indicate their satisfaction with a training course on an ordinal scale ranging from â€Å"poor† to â€Å"excellent. † Such categories could be converted to a numerical scale for further analysis. — Interval variables are purely numeric variables. The nominal and ordinal variables noted above are discrete since they do not permit making statements about degree, e. g. , â€Å"Person A is three times more male than person B† or â€Å"Person A rated the course as five times more excellent than person B.†Interval variables are continuous, and the difference between values is both meaningful and allows statements about extent or degree. Income and age are interval variables. C Frequency distributions summarize and compress data by grouping them into classes and recording how many data points fall into each class. The frequency distribution is the foundation of descriptive statistics. It is a prerequisite for the various graphs used to display data and the basic statistics used to describe a data set, such as the mean, median, mode, variance, standard deviation, etc. (See the module on Frequency Distribution for more information.)C. Measures of Central Tendency indicate the middle and commonly occurring points in a d ata set. The three main measures of central tendency are discussed below. — Mean is the average, the most common measure of central tendency. The mean of a population is designated by the Greek letter mu (F). The mean of a sample is designated by the symbol x-bar (0). The mean may not always be the best measure of central tendency, especially if data are skewed. For example, average income is often misleading since those few individuals with extremely high incomes may raise the overall average.  Ã¢â‚¬â€ Median is the value in the middle of the data set when the measurements are arranged in order of magnitude.For example, if 11 individuals were weighed and their weights arranged in ascending or descending order, the sixth value is the median since five values fall both above and below the sixth value. Median family income is often used in statistics because this value represents the exact middle of the data better than the mean. Fifty percent of families would have incomes above or below the median. — Mode is the value occurring most often in the data.If the largest group of people in a sample measuring age were 25 years old, then 25 would be the mode. The mode is the least commonly used measure of central tendency, particularly in large data sets. However, the mode is still important for describing a data set, especially when more than one value occurs frequently. In this instance, the data would be described as bimodal or multimodal, depending on whether two or more values occur frequently in the data set. C Measures of Dispersion indicate how spread out the data are around the mean. Measures of dispersion are especially helpful when data are normally distributed, i.  e. closely resemble the bell curve.The most common measures of dispersion follow. — Variance is expressed as the sum of the squares of the differences between each observation and the mean, which quantity is then divided by the sample size. For populations, it is design ated by the square of the Greek letter sigma (F2 ). For samples, it is designated by the square of the letter s (s2). Since this is a quadratic expression, i. e. a number raised to the second power, variance is the second moment of statistics. Variance is used less frequently than standard deviation as a measure of dispersion.Variance can be used when we want to quickly compare the variability of two or more sets of interval data. In general, the higher the variance, the more spread out the data. — Standard deviation is expressed as the positive square root of the variance, i. e. F for populations and s for samples. It is the average difference between observed values and the mean. The standard deviation is used when expressing dispersion in the same units as the original measurements. It is used more commonly than the variance in expressing the degree to which data are spread out.Pearson product-moment correlation coefficientDefinition Pearson's correlation coefficient betwe en two variables is defined as the covariance of the two variables divided by the product of their standard deviations. The form of the definition involves a â€Å"product moment†, that is, the mean (the first moment about the origin) of the product of the mean-adjusted random variables; hence the modifier product-moment in the name. For a populationPearson's correlation coefficient when applied to a population is commonly represented by the Greek letter Ï  (rho) and may be referred to as the population correlation coefficient or the population Pearson correlation coefficient. The formula for Ï  is:For a sample Pearson's correlation coefficient when applied to a sample is commonly represented by the letter r and may be referred to as the sample correlation coefficient or the sample Pearson correlation coefficient. We can obtain a formula for r by substituting estimates of the covariances and variances based on a sample into the formula above. That formula forr is:An equiv alent expression gives the correlation coefficient as the mean of the products of the standard scores. Based on a sample of paired data (Xi, Yi), the sample Pearson correlation coefficient is where are the standard score, sample mean, and sample standard deviation, respectively. Mathematical properties The absolute value of both the sample and population Pearson correlation coefficients are less than or equal to 1.Correlations equal to 1 or -1 correspond to data points lying exactly on a line (in the case of the sample correlation), or to a bivariate distribution entirely supported on a line (in the case of the population correlation). The Pearson correlation coefficient is symmetric: corr(X,Y) = corr(Y,X). A key mathematical property of the Pearson correlation coefficient is that it is invariant (up to a sign) to separate changes in location and scale in the two variables.That is, we may transform X to a + bX and transform Y to c + dY, where a, b, c, and d are constants, without ch anging the correlation coefficient (this fact holds for both the population and sample Pearson correlation coefficients). Note that more general linear transformations do change the correlation: see a later section for an application of this. The Pearson correlation can be expressed in terms of uncentered moments.Since ÃŽ ¼X = E(X), ÏÆ'X2 = E[(X − E(X))2] = E(X2) − E2(X) and likewise for Y, and since the correlation can also be written as Alternative formulae for the sample Pearson correlation coefficient are also available: The above formula suggests a convenient single-pass algorithm for calculating sample correlations, but, depending on the numbers involved, it can sometimes be numerically unstable.Linear regressionIn linear regression, the model specification is that the dependent variable, is a linear combination of the parameters (but need not be linear in the independent variables). For example, in simple linear regression for modeling data points there is one in dependent variable: , and two parameters, and : straight line: (In multiple linear regression, there are several independent variables or functions of independent variables. ) Adding a term in xi2 to the preceding regression gives: parabola:This is still linear regression; although the expression on the right hand side is quadratic in the independent variable , it is linear in the parameters , and In both cases, is an error term and the subscript indexes a particular observation. Given a random sample from the population, we estimate the population parameters and obtain the sample linear regression model: The residual, , is the difference between the value of the dependent variable predicted by the model, and the true value of the dependent variable . One method of estimation is ordinary least squares.This method obtains parameter estimates that minimize the sum of squared residuals, SSE,[17][18] also sometimes denoted RSS: Minimization of this function results in a set of normal eq uations, a set of simultaneous linear equations in the parameters, which are solved to yield the parameter estimators, . Illustration of linear regression on a data set. In the case of simple regression, the formulas for the least squares estimates are where is the mean (average) of the values and is the mean of the values. See simple linear regression for a derivation of these formulas and a numerical example.Under the assumption that the population error term has a constant variance, the estimate of that variance is given by: This is called the mean square error (MSE) of the regression. The standard errors of the parameter estimates are given by Under the further assumption that the population error term is normally distributed, the researcher can use these estimated standard errors to create confidence intervals and conduct hypothesis tests about the population parameters.General linear modelIn the more general multiple regression model, there are p independent variables:  wher e xij is the ith observation on the jth independent variable, and where the first independent variable takes the value 1 for all i (so is the regression intercept). The least squares parameter estimates are obtained from p normal equations. The residual can be written as The normal equations are In matrix notation, the normal equations are written as where the ij element of X is xij, the i element of the column vector Y is yi, and the j element of is . Thus  X is nÃâ€"p, Y is nÃâ€"1, and is pÃâ€"1. The solution is For a derivation, see linear least squares, and for a numerical example, see linear regression (example).3.7 HypothesisThe null hypothesis of the study is developed to cater for the pooling regression model. The null hypotheses are: 1. (A) H01: Computer self-efficacy will not have a positive effect on perceived usefulness of the Internet banking systems. H11: Computer self-efficacy will have a positive effect on perceived usefulness of the Internet banking systems. (B ) H01: Computer self-efficacy will not have a positive effect on perceived ease of use of the Internet banking systems.H11: Computer self-efficacy will have a positive effect on perceived ease of  use of the Internet banking systems. (C) H01: Computer self-efficacy will not have a negative effect on perceived credibility of the Internet banking systems. H11: Computer self-efficacy will have a negative effect on perceived credibility of the Internet banking systems. 2. H02: Perceived ease of use will not have a positive effect on perceived usefulness of the Internet banking systems. H12: Perceived ease of use will have a positive effect on perceived usefulness of the Internet banking systems.3. H03: Perceived ease of use will not have a positive effect on perceived credibility of the Internet banking systems. H13: Perceived ease of use will have a positive effect on perceived credibility of the Internet banking systems. 4. H04: Perceived ease of use will not have a positive effect on behavioral intention to use the Internet banking systems. H14: Perceived ease of use will have a positive effect on behavioral intention to use the Internet banking systems.3. 8 Expected OutcomeUsing the technology acceptance model as a theoretical framework, this study introduced â€Å"perceived credibility† as a new TAM factor to reflect the user’s security and privacy concerns in the acceptance of Internet banking, and examined the effect of computer self-efficacy on the intention to use Internet banking. Provide evidence of the significant effects of the individual difference variable (i. e. computer self-efficacy) on behavioral intention through perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, and perceived credibility.

Philosophy Reflection Essay

This was my first major introduction into the study of philosophy, and I can honestly say that it has had a major impact on my belief system. Many of my views have been changed and my overall view on life is much different than it was five months ago. To me, the two most interesting works were the Tao and The Mind’s I. The Tao describes a really interesting way of life. Of all the philosophies we’ve read, it is the simplest and most beautiful. Instead of scanning for hidden meanings and analyzing all parts of life, Laozi just tells us to live life. Do no more than you have to do, but do everything you have to do. He tells us not to worry about death and just live life. I honestly think very simple and peaceful way of living can bring us much more happiness than we have now in our current society. However, the only way it can be implemented is if everyone follows the Tao, and that is nearly impossible in our current society. We should honestly try to live simpler lives and see the beauty of everyday things. The other work that really impacted me was The Mind’s I. I’m not sure if it qualifies as a single work, but there were several important themes that really interested me and changed some of my views. The section that really interested me the most was the section describing intelligent machines and animals, and their relationship to humans. I had always considered humans superior to animals due to their intelligence and ability to communicate. I never thought too much about the idea of intelligent animals and even machines and their relationship to humans. An intelligent machine or animal that can communicate definitely would be on the same evolutionary level as humans, and thus there could be no way to justify creating an intelligent robotic servant or helper without harkening back to the ideology that prompted slavery. Also, destruction of this machine or animal would be equivalent to murder. However, I still so no moral objection to creating an intelligent robot, as long as we give it its own freedom, just as we would to one of our children. Its may be considered playing God, but if we are his greatest creations, we should have the right to test our limits. Only through a recreation of consciousness done and understood by us can we begin to understand our own consciousness as well as ourselves. I had never really thought about technology in this way and never seriously questioned the origin of my consciousness, so the Mind’s I really forced me to think about life in a different way. Throughout the term, I not only changed and reconsidered many of my views; I discovered things that I subconsciously believed without really thinking about it. My beliefs not only changed, I discovered beliefs that I never knew I had. Some of these views surfaced when reading certain works like The Mysterious Stranger and Nietzsche. Although these two works didn’t change my deep-set views that much, it was interesting to see my instinctual beliefs get challenged. I discovered I was a pretty moderate thinker, but these readings caused many of my views on life to change. However, I still disagreed with many of the views expressed in class discussions with certain works, like the Tao. But then I realized that the Tao is designed to have different meanings to everyone who reads it so they could find their own way of life and thus doesn’t lend itself well to class discussions. I saw that the way philosophy has evolved over the years mirrors the way society has changed throughout history. The older philosophies that we’ve read, like the Tao and Plato’ work, seem to try to tell us how to live our lives to get the most happiness and satisfaction out of it, and how to find the way or see the light. The more modern philosophies seem to disregard the idea of a true path and tell us how to live in the best way, but they don’t guarantee happiness from it. The most interesting pieces for me were a mix of the modern and older philosophies, like Nietzsche and Socrates’ Apology (I guess because he lived in a ancient but modern society). Even though they were completely different and I completely disagreed with one of them, they were much more compelling to me. One important thing that I learned is that I hate reading about something that I agree on, I dislike having my views â€Å"proven†?by another writer and rather read new ideas and opinions. From all the texts read and discussions we’ve had this year, it’s hard to highlight just three things that I learned. One of the most stimulating texts to me was The Circular Ruins. Especially when read right after Is God a Taoist, this simple story made me reconsider all my beliefs on existence and God. Just like the main character was, we are kept in the dark about our condition, where we came from and how we exist. We claim an all-mighty God as our creator, and call ourselves superior beings in his image. However, whose to say that we are not just insignificant nothings, created by another being of no importance. Would that make us less real and important? From this story I learned to stop attaching importance and purpose to everything I do. Maybe there is a reason we don’t know where we come from; perhaps we don’t want to know. Another important lesson came from Reservation Blues. The main characters all had to deal with finding a cultural identity while trying to escape the trap of the white man. The only ones who made it out were the ones who had a strong cultural identity. They knew themselves and identified with their past before they attempted to escape the reservation. Victor and Junior either tried to ignore their past or couldn’t come to terms with their heritage. They tried to escape before they were ready, and couldn’t cope with the failure. The book’s point, despite the suicide and Victor’s destruction, was amazingly positive, it showed that if you come to terms with your past and yourself you can overcome any obstacle set against you, but you must have this understanding or you will destroy yourself. From The Razor’s Edge I learned a lot about the purpose of life from each of the vastly different characters. At first, it seems like the point of the story is that there is a difference between what we want and what makes us happy and fulfilled. Suzanne, Gray and Elliot all got what they wanted yet all seem to live unhappy, unfulfilled lives. Further inspection showed that they all are living the life that they fully wanted and expected to live, and they are perfectly content. Isabel wanted both Larry and high society type of life, and thus is disappointed with her life because she couldn’t have both. Larry didn’t know what he wanted out of life, so he took basically a timeout from the real world, went into seclusion and discovered what he wanted out of life. Now he, knowing full well what he wants, is the most satisfied of all the characters. The lesson to be learned is that happiness is completely relative, and thus you cannot call anyone a failure unless he considers himself one. Also, it’s all right to take some time out of the real world and relax, take a step back and see what you really want to do next. In the end, this class really has changed my views on the best kind of life. I still believe that you need to live the type of life that will make you the happiest and most satisfied, but I don’t think that most people know what type of life that is. If you don’t have a passion, don’t force yourself into any profession. Explore the world and find something that really interests you otherwise you will get forced into a miserable life that you hate. If you have a passion, you have to follow it. You have to come in terms with who you are; understand and remember your past and childhood. We have to examine our lives to discover what we really want, then try to find it. We must simplify our actions, and we have to stop overanalyzing other’s actions and words. We have to lose our ego and sense of shame, and stop caring what people think of you. This is the simplest way to live and live happily, without having to adjust your actions to fit what other people expect from you. We have to stop fearing death and keep on living life in the happiest possible way. This will be the happiest, simplest and best life for everyone.

Can We Talk essay

Can We Talk essay Can We Talk? essay Can We Talk? essayCommunication is an integral part of human life and its lack is extremely hard experienced in marriage or intimate relationships. Thus, the main aim of the assignment is to discuss the article â€Å"Can We Talk?† written by Schoenberg for the purpose of demonstrating some thoughts about the issue.The article states that self-disclosure is tightly connected with communication in relationships and the presence of these two concepts helps people to understand better each other and to avoid many conflicts. As for me, it is very important to share some my inner feelings with the partner and to feel the same from the partner’s side. For instance, I like to ask question about the life of my partner, and to listen to the answers. It seems to me that such a kind of listening is an act of love because it makes us to be closer to each other, and adds some pleasant feelings in our life.According to Schoenberg (2011), self-disclosure allows people to reveal their i ntimate wishes, thoughts, some doubts or fears, and to do it either non-verbally or verbally. I agree with the author’s position that self-disclosure is a base of a happy marriage. In addition, Gilbert (1976) stated that people need to be aware of the feelings and emotional state of the partner and to share not only good moments but also some hard situations together. It leads to a specific kind of satisfaction in relationships because each of us wants the other person to be interested in him or her; so, communication on the level of hearts helps people to create more strong families.It is a truth that there exist some gender differences in reactions on the same words but there equally exist many similarities. In my life, I have experienced the same reactions on affective affirmation and compliments because men and women always need the words of praise and it can be a good stimulus to further achievements.In conclusion, I have discussed the article and shared my experience as well as demonstrate some thoughts on the issue of self-disclosure in communication. Moreover, after reading the article, I felt like I fit into the generalizations, and very often I experienced all those feelings described in it. In my opinion, viable and full-fledged marriages consist of those couples who share their feelings with each other and have a high degree of openness to the spouse.

Religion Conflicts About Tattoos Essays

Religion Conflicts About Tattoos Essays Religion Conflicts About Tattoos Essay Religion Conflicts About Tattoos Essay Ethical and Critical Thinking October 31, 2011 Critical Paper – Religion conflicts about Tattoos Does religion have any conflict with tattoos? (Cararra, 2009) There are no major issues between tattoos and Christianity. The majority of Christians do not have anything against tattoos but a small number of Christians support the Jewish views against tattoos based on Leviticus 19:28 (which basically prohibits us from doing any markings on our body). Most Christians today even sport a tattoo or two, and it does not make them any less of a Christian. Their faith has nothing to do with the body art that they carry. Tattoo designs of Christian symbols are even common. Tattoos are mostly forbidden in Sunni Islam because according to their book of Sunni traditions, the Prophet Mohammed forbade the mutilation of bodies. Sunni Muslims believe that putting on tattoos is a forbidden act because it involves changing what Allah had already created. They also believe that the prophet cursed the ones who are doing the tattoos and the people that are getting tattoos done on their bodies. However, there is a difference of scholarly Sunni Muslim opinion as to why tattoos are not allowed. However, the use of tattoos made with Henna is very common in the Muslims of North Africa. Shia Islam allows tattoos and do not see it as against the Sunnah. Tattoos are also forbidden in Judaism based on the Torah. They also base their objection on what the Bible says about body markings, found on the book of Leviticus 19:28 which states, You shall not make gashes in your flesh for the dead, or incise any marks on yourselves: I am the Lord. This prohibition applies to all body markings or body alterations that do not serve a medical purpose. Scholars of Jewish Law explain that this prohibition against tattoos is an answer against paganism. Since pagan worshipers commonly practiced tattooing themselves with the image and/or names of their gods, Judaism forbade tattoos in order to separate itself from other religions. In addition to that, the connection of tattoos with Nazi concentratio n camps and the Holocaust has added to the level of disgust that Jews have for the practice of tattooing, even among the not so spiritual Jews. Article Source: http://EzineArticles. com/2838953 Cararra, M. J. (2009, August 28). Tattoos As Viewed by Religion. Retrieved October 31, 2011, from Ezine Mom Articles: http://ezinearticles. com/? expert=Matt_J. _Cararra Rex, Sember, Shaun, Holly, Cassie. (2004, October 8). People Against Tattoos (PAT). Retrieved October 31, 2011, from Primate Headache: http://rex. chattablogs. com/archives/2004/10/people-against-tattoos-pat. html People Against Tattoos (PAT) I am starting a movement to remove as many rights from those that have tattoos as possible. Abominations aren’t worthy of having a happy life in this country. Three Step Program to Rid the USA of Tattoo Wearing Freaks 1. I am calling for a federal law to ban tattoos. The Bible states in Lev 19:28: You shall not make any cuttings in your flesh on account of the dead or tattoo any marks upon you: I am the LORD. It is a Christian’s duty to do his or her part in ridding the nation of abominations. A new federal law for banishment is a start. 2. Did you know that those with tattoos are tarnishing our values? For instance, having so many symbol-wearing freaks wed is totally tainting our marriage system. Marriage should be between a man and woman, not between a man and abomination (or vice versa! ) In order to defend marriage, we  must  do away with this madness. In order to do this, I am calling for an amendment that will define tattoo-wearing individuals as neither men nor women, but as abominations, and it will piggyback on the new amendment that states that abominations cannot marry. 3. We are trying to come up with some derogatory names for those that have tattoos. Inklings† and â€Å"scumbags† are the top two on the list thus far, but it’s still up in the air as to the one we’ll put on our protest signs. Feel free to use these to refer to the abominations in daily life, and check back here frequently as we update with more names. If you have the same feelings as we do in regard to these filthy excuses for humans, join our struggle. Were PAT, and were no t going to let our country go down the toilet any longer. More to come. Posted by Rex at October 8, 2004 7:48 PM   I cant for the life of me tell if you are joking or not. I could believe it, but I would much rather laugh. Posted by:  Sember  at October 8, 2004 9:14 PM I am absolutely not joking. Is this a laughing matter to you? Our country is full of abominations and you think it’s funny. How many tattoos do you have? I bet you’ve got a dragon on your back with some Japanese symbols or something. Or perhaps a butterfly on your ankle. Yeah, its cute, but it wont be very cute in HELL!!!!! oneone Posted by:  Rex  at October 8, 2004 9:32 PM Did you know that first century Christians were the first to make tattoos a practice for the common man? Before then it was reserved for slaves and Christians adopted the custom to signify their slavery to Christ. Put that in your proverbial pipe and smoke it! Posted by: Shaun at October 9, 2004 8:19 PM You use the bible to reinforce your so called pure beliefs yet Christ himself had a tattoo maybe the next you want to quote the bible read the WHOLE things then come back with some actual information that can be related to this time of era. also by the way if you didnt know the script before that states Ye shall not round the corners of your heads, neither shalt thou mar the corners of thy beard. so I guess youll be protesting about clean cut short hair men of todays society oh So you know And he hath on his vesture and *on his thigh a name written,* KING OF KINGS, AND LORD OF LORDS. Revelation 19:16 so I guess Christ himself is a how would you say it that’s right a *abomination*. READ YOUR BIBLE BEFORE YOU PROTEST YOU’RE PROTESTING AGAINST THE LORD OF LORDS AND KING OF KI NGS Posted by: HOLLY S. at April 4, 2006 11:28 PM Before I even start this thing, I from the bottom of my heart would like to say sorry to everyone who has read this so far and has gotten hurt by this person. It also puts me in a position as well, because of people like them I am hated for being a Christian as well. I am proud to say that I am a Christian and have 3 tattoos on my body and soon to get more. So I guess Im proud to say Im an Inkling!!! Alright now on to you hateful people, I love it when you take a verse and dont study it or know what the true meaning behind it is. That verse in Leviticus is clearly talking about cutting and tattooing for the dead. That is the true sin God is talking about. As far as I know people who get tattoos are only doing it for the art, I have yet to hear: Yeah I got this one for the dead. Study the Bible!!! And know your history a little! Where the crap were you going with the marriage bit Oh and if you’re going to abolish over half the nation with tattoos, then you might as well abolish Jesus! Because as a Christian you would know that Jesus has our names tattooed on His hand. But wait Im writing to a closed mined person who only thinks inside the box and what mommy and daddy tells them! Let me refer to y Bible here: â€Å"See, I have engraved you on the palms of my hands. † Isaiah 49:16 (NIV) â€Å"He has a name written on him that no one knows but he himself. † Rev 19:12 (NIV) â€Å"On his robe and on his thigh he has this name written: KING OF KINGS AND LORD OF LORDS. † Rev. 19:16 (NIV) I pray for people like you, so that one day you will open your eyes and see what Jesus saw when He was here, and what He sees now when He looks at His children. He loves them and you too! Posted by: Cassie at August 27, 2007 11:40 PM

Sentence Imitation in English

Sentence Imitation in English In rhetoric and composition studies, sentence imitation is an exercise in which students study a sample sentence and then imitate its structures, supplying their own material. Also known as modeling.   Like sentence combining, sentence imitation offers an alternative to traditional grammar instruction and a way of fostering stylistic dexterity.   Examples and Observations Sentence imitation has a long history. Students imitate the structure of sample sentences with their own content. Usually, this helps extend students repertoire of grammatical structures. Depending on the sample sentences, students can learn how to use appositives, participial phrases, subordinate clauses, or parallel structure (among others) in their writing. They dont have to know the names of the structuresin fact, I started teaching imitation by naming the parts of the sentences (The sentence starts with an infinitive phrase . . .) and just about destroyed my students interest before I learned that they could imitate without naming anything. Once they understood the idea of imitation, they became avid imitators, bringing in sentences for me to use with the class and sharing their imitations generously.(Deborah Dean, Bringing Grammar to Life. International Reading Assoc., 2008) Sample Imitations MODEL SENTENCE: The gallows stood in a small yard, separate from the main grounds of the prison, and overgrown with tall prickly weeds.George Orwell, A Hanging(Write a sentence according to the pattern of the model sentence.)IMITATION: The dog shivered in the background, wet from nosing his way through the early-morning grasses and covered with damp cocklespurs.MODEL SENTENCE: He went through the narrow alley of Temple Bar quickly, muttering to himself that they could go to hell because he was going to have a good night of it.James Joyce, CounterpartsIMITATION: They stood outside on the wet pavement of the terrace, pretending that they had not heard us when we called to them from the library.MODEL SENTENCE: I went to the woods because I wished to live deliberately, to front only the essential facts of life, and see if I could not learn what it had to teach, and not, when I came to die, discover that I had not lived.Henry David Thoreau, WaldenIMITATION: I greeted him politely, althoug h I planned to challenge him repeatedly, to assess his erudition, to test whether he could discriminate what was expedient in each situation, and, after I had probed him thoroughly, to announce that we had no place for him in our organization. (Edward P.J. Corbett and Robert J. Connors, Classical Rhetoric for the Modern Student, 4th ed. Oxford University Press, 1999) Finding Model Patterns One effective way of experimenting with various styles and of broadening your store of sentence patterns is to imitate (or mimic) the style of other good writers, writers you respect...The best place to find model patterns is in your reading. The process is simple and enjoyable: pick out sentence structures that you like from the work of professional writers and imitate their patterns, replacing their words and ideas with your own. To assure that you can pick out these patterns accurately, you have to be able to do three things:(Adrienne Robins, The Analytical Writer: A College Rhetoric. Collegiate Press, 1996) Identify the base clause.Identify the additions.Identify the connections between the descriptive parts of the sentence and what they describe. ​​Imitating a Sentence by John Updike Almost anyone can read with pleasure the sentence in which John Updike tells us what it was like to see Ted Williams . . . hit a home run in his last at bat on September 28, 1960: It was in the books while it was still in the sky. . . . How hard is it to write a sentence like Updikes? Well, lets try. What you need is a hinge word that ostensibly separates distinct temporal states, but actually brings them together to the point where there is no temporal distance between them. Here is my (relatively feeble) attempt: It was in my stomach before it was off the shelf. Now, Im not going to make any great claims for my sentence, but I will say that it is a game attempt to approach Updikes art by imitating it, by arranging clauses in somewhat the same way he does in order to achieve a somewhat similar, if decidedly minor, effect. And once you get the hang of itof zeroing in on a form that can then be filled with any number of contentsyou can do it forever. She was enrolled at Harvard before she was conceived. He had won the match before the first serve.(Stanley Fish, How to Write a Sentence and How to Read One. HarperCollins, 2011) R.L. Stevenson on The Sedulous Ape Whenever I read a book or a passage that particularly pleased me, in which a thing was said or an effect rendered with propriety, in which there was either some conspicuous force or some happy distinction in the style, I must sit down at once and set myself to ape that quality. I was unsuccessful, and I knew it; and tried again, and was again unsuccessful and always unsuccessful; but at least in these vain bouts, I got some practice in rhythm, in harmony, in construction and the co-ordination of parts. I have thus played the sedulous ape to Hazlitt, to Lamb, to Wordsworth, to Sir Thomas Browne, to Defoe, to Hawthorne, to Montaigne, to Baudelaire, and to Obermann. . . .Perhaps I hear some one cry out: But this is not the way to be original! It is not; nor is there any way but to be born so. Nor yet, if you are born original, is there anything in this training that shall clip the wings of your originality. There can be none more original than Montaigne, neither could any be more unlike Cicero; yet no craftsman can fail to see how much the one must have tried in his time to imitate the other. Burns is the very type of a prime force in letters: he was of all men the most imitative. Shakespeare himself, the imperial, proceeds directly from a school. It is only from a school that we can expect to have good writers; it is almost invariably from a school that great writers, these lawless exceptions, issue. Nor is there anything here that should astonish the considerate. Before he can tell what cadences he truly prefers, the student should have tried all that are possible; before he can choose and preserve a fitting key of words, he should long have practised the literary scales.(Robert Louis Stevenson, The Sedulous Ape, 1887) Teaching Imitation in Composition (1900) The value of imitation in teaching composition is too often overlooked. . . .The nature of intelligent imitation, its selective nature in choice models, the progressive nature of the model ever becoming more refined, more ideal, could not easily be made more apparent. That so many literary men of originality and genius have made so large use of imitation in the development of their style and method of thought, seems to lend much evidence in favor of a more liberal use of imitation and its methods in other lines of education. The claim has already been made in this paper, and I wish to emphasize it here again, that while imitation in itself is not originality, it is the rational method of developing originality in the individual.(Jasper Newton Deahl, Imitation in Education: Its Nature, Scope and Significance, 1900) Sentence-Imitation Exercises Sentence-Imitation Exercise: Complex SentencesSentence-Imitation Exercise: Compound SentencesSentence-Imitation Exercise: Creating Sentences With CommasSentence-Imitation Exercise: Creating Sentences With Semicolons, Colons, and Dashes

BRAPS Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

BRAPS - Coursework Example It is focusing on developing branches in rural areas as well (Barclays.com- About Us, 2011). The main products offered by the company include commercial banking, retail banking, private equity, investment management, and investment banking. They have also introduced the latest service of trading iShares (Barclays.com- Products and Services, 2011). Barclays is managed by Marcus Agius, the team director who joined the company’s board in 2006 replacing Mathew Barrett as chairperson in 2007 (Barclays.com- About Us, 2011). The Barclays Vision is dedicated to being the international premier financial and banking services. They focus on obtaining superior financial and functional outcomes while keeping the international business standard. These unchanging anticipations offer the basis for our dedication to those with whom we associate. Barclays’ mission statement is to be creative, client-based Group, which delivers excellent products and services, make sure superb careers for our people, and participate actively to the society in which we work and live (Barclays.com- Executing our Strategy, 2011). Barclays bank has more than 2000 UK high street branches along with the Woolwich branches. Internationally, Barclays has more than 5200 branches with most 24/7 cash machine that can be used by Barclays clients as well as other customers at a fee. There are around 150,000 employees working at Barclays throughout the world. Barclays has an international market share as well as the local market share. This is an international corporation and, therefore, it operates worldwide. The financial data for the year 2010 is that the company boosted of 31.440 billion pounds, while their operating income was 6.065 billion pounds (Barclays.com – Annual report, 2011). The top competitors of Barclay bank include American Express Company, Capital One Financial Corporation, and Alliances Data Systems Corporation.

Equity andTtrusts- problem question Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Equity andTtrusts- problem question - Essay Example 250,000, and if the civil partner /spouse has survived more than 28 days of the deceased , then he is entitled to receive whole of ? 250,000 or less. If the net estate is more than ? 250,000 , then , the first ? 250,000 together with the personal possession to civil partner/spouse. Fifty percent of the balance should be equally shared among kids. The civil partner /spouse will also have the right to the interest on the balance amount of deceased estate during his life time only, and then children of the civil partner /spouse will receive the same in equal shares after the life time of the civil partner or spouse. (www.graysons.co.uk). In case of intestacy, if the claimant is not a registered civil partner or married, then he may not get a share in the deceased property automatically. If the deceased has not provided for the cohabitating partner in some other way, then such partner can make a claim under the provisions of the â€Å"Inheritance (Provision for Family and Dependents) Ac t 1975.† In case of cohabitation, the surviving partner has to demonstrate that she or he had maintained either partly or wholly by the deceased. Further, a cohabitating partner has to make the claim within the 6 months from the date of the issue of letters of administration. (www.direct.gov.uk) The position of children’s of cohabitated couple is somewhat awkward under U.K laws. Schedule 1 to the Children’s Ac 1989 offers power to the courts to order some financial relief for the advantage of children despite the status of the parent’s affiliation.(Barrington, A,2001). Stack v Dowden This case was about the rights over a property over which cohabitation partners lived together before their separation. This case codifies new structure within which cohabitant rights are to be decided and will pave to greater simplicity and certainty for future cases. In this case, the cohabitant couples separated after having four children. There was one residential place, w hich was co-owned by them and a suit was filed the estranged male partner for equal division. Finally, the House of Lords upheld the Court of Appeal’s ruling that Ms Dowden was entitled to 65% and Mr. Stack to 35% House of Lords might have given higher share to female partner on considering the factor that she had four children and also contributed substantially for the purchase of that house. (www.publications.parliament.uk). In this case, Pauline Jonathan will be the legal heir of Jonathan Reisberg as she is the daughter of Jonathan’s erstwhile wife. In the problem, it has been stated that they were in separation for the last fifteen years and there is no mention about a divorce. Since Lorraine Lexington is a cohabitating partner, either she or his children have no legal rights to inherit Jonathan’s estate as he died intestate. Lorraine Lexington, as a cohabitating partner can make a claim under the provisions of the Inheritance (Provision for Family and Depen dents) Act 1975. The triplets can seek relief under Schedule 1 to the Children’s Ac 1989 offers power to the courts to order some financial relief for the benefit of children despite of the status of the parent’s relationship. Validity of a Cheque under UK Laws Under UK laws, there is no definite guideline about the validity of a cheque. Banks in UK normally will refuse to honour the cheques if it is more than six months old. However, it is at the discretion of the bank that deals with it. Cheques will

Differentiate between Ordained Local Ministry and Licensed Lay Essay

Differentiate between Ordained Local Ministry and Licensed Lay Ministry in the Church of England today. What theology underpins the distinctions - Essay Example In addition, the underlying theological perspectives shall be discussed. Despite the differences that are available among these ministries the purpose that they pursue in based on the doctrines of the Bible. Therefore, the difference that exists between these two ministries is geared towards complementing each other. The ordained local ministry (OLM) is a national movement that comprises of clergy that have been ordained but have opted to serve church at a local level. The individual intending to join should firstly inform the Bishop in that diocese that further informs the Director of Ordinands at Parish. The parish gets the mandate to review the individual’s request and make a decision whether to allow or disallow. There are diverse criteria that are considered before one can pass this stage. In particular, patterns of worship, problem solving, teamwork, leadership among other values are considered before one can be considered for the position. To prevent any conspiracy, whenever the Bishop wants to leave or retire, it is unacceptable for them to propose an individual into the ministry (Dewar 2000). On the other hand, the licensed lay ministry (LLM) is a ministry in the church that allows individuals that are not ordained to take part in church work. They are from any background, most of them having responded to a call from God to serve the church in various capacities. Once the individuals have heeded to the call of service, they are trained in theology and given the opportunity to serve the church. Their main assignments in the church range from pastoral assistance, evangelical work, leading in worship, teaching, preaching as well as liturgy work. However, they can engage in other activities according to their talents and the needs of the church. These individuals are not ordained hence; the scope of services is limited to some extent (Etchells 1995). The ordained local ministry puts much emphasis on the local situations in

International Relations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

International Relations - Essay Example Pakistan state is reflected by its economy as CIA Factbook characterizes Pakistan as â€Å"an impoverished and underdeveloped country†. Nevertheless, in the early part of the century, the government has been spending to usher development which significantly reduced poverty levels and created a semi-industrialized economy (CIA Factbook, 2009). As a country strives to push for a stronger economy, there is a chance of progress in a gradual basis. In fact, Pakistan today is considered as having the 27th largest economy in terms of purchasing power and has the second largest economy in South Asia (Bloomberg, 2009). Nonetheless, the country is still struggling with inflation and rising foreign debt as worsened by the world financial crisis in 2008. The good thing about Pakistan is that countries like the United States and international organizations (IMF) have initiatives to help Pakistan recover from a bad economy which can possibly improve its economic situation in the future. In short, Pakistan is not a failed state, it is a country marred by a long political history that affected its economy. It is torn by internal conflicts and pressure from groups like Taliban but it is essentially a state with a functional government. If one takes a closer look at news about Pakistan, much reports harp on widespread violence as caused by terrorism.

Racist Crimes in the United States Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Racist Crimes in the United States - Essay Example There are kids out there getting physically hurt and killed everyday simply because of the color of their skin, or their hair is not right, or they speak a foreign language, etc. Basically only one criminological theory is required here to investigate what this research is trying to present but it is planned by the author to implement two since it will give a better understanding and perception into how criminology utilizes theories to decipher why crime occurs. This literature will look at the Socialist theory, include hints into the General Dynamic Theory and also include the Lombroso's Theory and Individualistic Choice theories more than others because they are both implicitly intertwined in explaining this specific issue of youth crime relative to racial hate crimes. The extent to which life circumstances have an effect on adolescents and the percentage of criminal activity has been debated for decades now. Criminologists have applied various theories to the common occurrences of youth race crimes and other juvenile crimes to try and deter the adverse behaviors of young people. Theoretically, criminologists are actually searching for a logical explanation as to whether or not the social environment of which disadvantaged youths are growing up in really does play a significant role in the amount of juvenile crime that is evident in this current century. "The extent to which a common explanation of crime applies to all members of the offending population is a contentious issue within criminological circles" ( Piquero, et,al; 2000). There are a multitude of scholars in the criminology field that claim it is a undeniable fact that the social aspects of young teens environments, such as in areas of: family, school, employment, and social circles, all have a tremendous influence on the life experiences that juveniles will endure. Those from lower class neighborhoods, where poverty, lack of employment, lack of education, domestic violence, and other negative activities are transpiring, have a psychological effect on the youth and how they perceive their quality of life. Two criminology experts, 'Sampson' and 'Laubs' claim that although there is always a reason behind any act of crime, the events that take place in life carry the strongest dynamics in characterizations of delinquent activities and race crimes committed by the youth. The theory that they utilize is the General Dynamic view point. One of the theorizations that this particular theory focuses on is one that takes into consideration the variables of time and how individuals perceive time and change in regards to committing acts of racist crime and other criminal acts. Theorists that studied this criminological idea are focused on whether or not the individual criminal behavior of adolescents deviates over time, as they develop (Piquero, et,al; 2000). This is especially emphasized in the study of youth crime due to the fact that adolescents who are exposed to racial hatred and other adverse life elements, over a period of time, during the developmental years, often mimic the lifestyle habits that they have grown up around. For instance, there is a large percentage of below poverty level Hispanic neighborhoods in New York City who are involved in hate crimes within gang related

Information Systems in Healthcare Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Information Systems in Healthcare - Essay Example This system helps in the constant connections between the suppliers and the manufacturers for better systematic process of the supplying and buying (Delpierre 408). This industry also includes the health care industry. In this case the basic requirement is the maintenance of the records of the thousands of the patients. In the past, decades ago, this maintenance was being done by the files and the traditional systems. The data of the patients includes their vitals ad their medical histories. This type of data needs constant up gradation. Traditionally for the up gradation, the hustle of the files and the papers had to be dealt with. With the introduction of the new information floe systems, which in the case of the health industry is knows as the electronic patient record, we see that the patient record maintenance has become ore and more convenient with the passing time. The electronic patient record means that the data and the information related to the patients is kept in the computers under the specific softwares which are comprehensive and easy enough o be maintained by the health practitioners. The electronic patient's record systems have been basically developed for the batter management and the administration that is needed in the health care facilities. These days the EPRs are being widely used in the western counties. The use of the EPRs is growing in the smaller clinical facilities however it has been seen that the EPRs have been difficult to incorporate in the larger health care facilities. The EPRs that are designed incorporate the small amount of information that is given to them. As we can see that the industries especially the health care facilities are the linked that are growing on the daily basis therefore the amount if the information that is needed to be stored is also increasing on the daily basis. With the amount the nature of the complexity o f the information is also increasing. This complexity has to be welcomed by the EPR systems that are used by the health care facilities these days (Elberg 203). The information flow in medicine The research has shown that the smaller health care facilities especially in Norway are dependent in the EPR systems for the maintenance of their patient's data and the information. The use of EPRs The purpose and the aim of the patient's medical record that is usually maintained by the health care facilities are to maintain the care of the patients. Generally y the medical record is always on related to an individual patient and it represents s the medical history of the patients and the recent medical case (Hassey 1402). There are some specifications that have to be met when the clinical data related to the patients has to be used. The specifications have been identified and they include that the medical data should be should be related to the individual patient and it should be able to help the medical health care provide to decide what treatment or therapy has to be g given to the patient. The medical data that is related to the patients is organized in the same form as it is done in the paper format however in a better manner. This helps the medical practitioner make and design the patients' clinical history leading to the therapy decisions. The EPR help the physicians in constantly updating their gained information with regards to the patients during the consultation process

Racist Crimes in the United States Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Racist Crimes in the United States - Essay Example There are kids out there getting physically hurt and killed everyday simply because of the color of their skin, or their hair is not right, or they speak a foreign language, etc. Basically only one criminological theory is required here to investigate what this research is trying to present but it is planned by the author to implement two since it will give a better understanding and perception into how criminology utilizes theories to decipher why crime occurs. This literature will look at the Socialist theory, include hints into the General Dynamic Theory and also include the Lombroso's Theory and Individualistic Choice theories more than others because they are both implicitly intertwined in explaining this specific issue of youth crime relative to racial hate crimes. The extent to which life circumstances have an effect on adolescents and the percentage of criminal activity has been debated for decades now. Criminologists have applied various theories to the common occurrences of youth race crimes and other juvenile crimes to try and deter the adverse behaviors of young people. Theoretically, criminologists are actually searching for a logical explanation as to whether or not the social environment of which disadvantaged youths are growing up in really does play a significant role in the amount of juvenile crime that is evident in this current century. "The extent to which a common explanation of crime applies to all members of the offending population is a contentious issue within criminological circles" ( Piquero, et,al; 2000). There are a multitude of scholars in the criminology field that claim it is a undeniable fact that the social aspects of young teens environments, such as in areas of: family, school, employment, and social circles, all have a tremendous influence on the life experiences that juveniles will endure. Those from lower class neighborhoods, where poverty, lack of employment, lack of education, domestic violence, and other negative activities are transpiring, have a psychological effect on the youth and how they perceive their quality of life. Two criminology experts, 'Sampson' and 'Laubs' claim that although there is always a reason behind any act of crime, the events that take place in life carry the strongest dynamics in characterizations of delinquent activities and race crimes committed by the youth. The theory that they utilize is the General Dynamic view point. One of the theorizations that this particular theory focuses on is one that takes into consideration the variables of time and how individuals perceive time and change in regards to committing acts of racist crime and other criminal acts. Theorists that studied this criminological idea are focused on whether or not the individual criminal behavior of adolescents deviates over time, as they develop (Piquero, et,al; 2000). This is especially emphasized in the study of youth crime due to the fact that adolescents who are exposed to racial hatred and other adverse life elements, over a period of time, during the developmental years, often mimic the lifestyle habits that they have grown up around. For instance, there is a large percentage of below poverty level Hispanic neighborhoods in New York City who are involved in hate crimes within gang related

Game Advertising Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Game Advertising - Essay Example PricewaterhouseCoopers estimates that the online gaming industry is set to grow $55 billion in 2009 (Video Games 2006). It should also be noted that the gaming industry grows at an astounding double digit rate of 25% annually. Business organizations have been very quick to realize the potential profit gain from this segment. Massive Incorporated, which is the world's first video game company, operates with the mission of "aggregating the gaming audience to deliver advertising across a network of premier video titles and providing measured results on consumer interaction with the advertising." Double Fusion is an Israeli in-game advertising company established in the summer of 2004. The business model of Double Fusion is very much similar to that of Massive. The product line of Double Fusion ranges from dynamic advertisements, integrated advertising, and "around game" inventory (Double Fusion 2006). In Game Advertising (IGA) seeks t o provide advertising services with its global computer video game media and advertising network.

Chinese culture Essay Example for Free

Chinese culture Essay 1. Executive Summary Business today is becoming more universal and it is common to travel around the world for business dealings. In order to clinch a business deal with parties of other countries, it is essential to do some research about the country first. This will provide critical information about their business tradition, etiquette issues and other factors that will allow easier acceptance of Singaporean business persons. China being the largest populated country of 1. 3 billion, with an area of 9,600,000 square kilometers, has a long history, unique culture and a wide variety of distinctive customs and traditions. She has been attracting foreigners to invest as there are plentiful resources and labour market, which are crucial in business dealings. Besides the factors that are mentioned above, other factors play essential roles as well. Guanxi and Mianzi are the foremost factors that Chinese businessmen take into account. Other factors include preparation for Chinese business meetings, knowledge of the Chinese Lijie, such as non-verbal communication and social relationships. Also, the Chinese banquet consisting table etiquette together with drinking and toasting. There will also be gift-giving, such as what should be considered to give and what should be avoided. Last but not least, different ways to negotiate with the Chinese for the best solution should be taken into consideration. In conclusion, having the knowledge of the Chinese etiquette will better help one to succeed in clinching more business dealings. At the same time, it also helps one to understand the culture and customs of Chinese. Therefore, this will not only do one good for business purposes, but also encourages common understanding amongst countries. 2. Introduction The Peoples Republic of China, has a largest population of 1. 3 billion and a GDP of US$2393 billion. Thus, it has been eyed by many business executives due to its big market share and a large pool of labour which provides many business opportunities. In order to carry out business transactions efficiently with the Chinese, it is important for us to know what the prohibitions, customs and taboos are in China. By understanding these, we will be more prepared to conduct business with the Chinese. 2. 1 Meeting the Chinese. To begin with, the Chinese are very particular about first impressions. They prefer to be introduced formally to people as they are reluctant to strike up conversations with people they are unfamiliar with. A proper handshake will be most appropriate upon introduction. If one is being introduced to a group, remember to shake everyone’s hands. Also, stand up throughout, when being introduced or when presenting self. Begin introductions with his/her name, followed by the company’s name and specify the country that he/she is from. 2. 2 Business Cards. It is polite to use two hands to hold both corners when presenting business card and to position it so that it is legible to the recipient. Try to have one side of the card being translated and print the Chinese letters using gold ink as this is an auspicious colour. It will be respectful to spend a few seconds reading the card upon receiving it and helps in remembering one’s name. It is demeaning to put it directly into your pocket without glancing. If it is a sit-down meeting, place the card on the table so that one can look at it. 2. 3Conversations. Most Chinese like to engage in conversations concerning topics which they have knowledge on, such as weather, geography, Chinese cuisine, Chinese scenery and landmarks. Topics related to politics should be avoided. Dismiss personal questions with a little humour if uncomfortable. The Chinese would often compliment the country of origin. However, accepting praise outright is not considered as good etiquette for them. Instead, one is expected to deflect compliments and pretend it is unworthy of receiving them. 2. 4 Greetings Surnames come first when addressing a Chinese. In business situations, one will seldom concern themselves with a Chinese person’s given name. It is advisable to get straight how one should address someone at the first meeting. For business purposes, it is traditionally acceptable to call a Chinese by the surname, together with a title such as Managing Director Toh. 2. 5On the telephone Although Chinese may make arrangements through the phone, most Chinese prefers face-to-face meetings. On the telephone, the standard greeting is the word â€Å"wei†, which means â€Å"hello† or â€Å"are you still there† in Mandarin. Chinese often do not furnish any identifying information upon answering the phone; hence it is good to verify that one has reached the organization he/she intended to dial. 3. GuanXi – Relationships Personal relationships play a vital part in the business world of Chinese. Chinese businessmen do not rush into discussions and negotiations, as they want to get familiar with their business partners before doing business. This is known as Guanxi, which means â€Å"relationships†. It is the network of relationships among various parties that cooperate together and support one another. Before doing business, Chinese will extend hospitality to demonstrate their respect for others and appreciation of the finer things in life so as to soften their visitors. There will be small talk during the first full day, where Chinese learns about his visitor and goals. The evening during the welcome banquet, they would learn more as foreign visitors will open up during casual talks. Also, the visitors may visit the residence of their acquaintances from other organizations and bring some gifts as it is important for building and creating Guanxi. Gifts like foreign cigarettes and quality wines are acceptable, which will be discussed more at the later part of the report. Trust is built during such situations and Chinese would then be more comfortable to work with them. Relationships are not only between companies but also personal levels. Establishing a sincere, supportive relationship based on mutual respect is a fundamental aspect of Chinese culture. In the world of business, possessing the right Guanxi is crucial for ensuring the minimization of difficulties and frustrations that are often encountered and it is also important to any successful business strategy in China. 4. Mian Zi Face Face, also known as Mianzi, is a mark of personal pride and forms the basis of an individual’s reputation and social status. Having face means having a high status in the eyes of ones peers, and is a mark of personal dignity. It is a prized commodity, which can be given, lost, taken away or earned. Face to a Chinese, holds more importance and encompasses a greater part of life. In order to establish all important interpersonal relationships, face must always be created and maintained at all times. Losing face may be caused by, for example, public insult, chastisement or contradicting someone in front of another, and also, by ourselves, such as losing temper or losing your own control in public. Furthermore, rescinding an order can also be constructed as losing face. This is why Chinese leaders would rather follow the policies even if there are events that prove them that it is irrelevant. Causing someone to lose face through public humiliation or inappropriate allocation of respect to individuals within the organization can seriously damage business discussions. On the other hand, praising someone in moderation before their colleagues is a form of giving face and can earn respect, loyalty and aid negotiations. Nevertheless, face is so important that it is justification for spending money even if the Chinese is not very rich. Money that may be set aside for emergency use may be used for buying gifts or accessories instead because of face. 5. Lijie- Art of Politeness Being polite is a type of basic courtesy one should possess. In China, personal feelings and hint of criticism should not be dealt with publicly as it might cause public embarrassment and unpleasantness. A glass of tea that is automatically set out in front of arriving guests is how the Chinese allows the guest to feel comfortable and appear gracious. 5. 1 Surface harmony Surface harmony is an essential skill because the world of Chinese etiquette is very insensitive to unpleasant genuine feelings as it concerns matter of â€Å"face†. To the Chinese, things are done more for show than for substance; for example, manners are tools which they use to maintain pleasantness at all times, even when it is not entirely felt. Surface harmony is disturbed when one expresses his/her disagreement. Therefore, it is advised to remain quiet and â€Å"give face† as it might result in sabotage, subversion or revenge as the Chinese are well capable of such actions. 5. 2Intermediaries Intermediaries can be useful in communicating something unpleasant to the Chinese, and they help to ask questions, as preservation of face and surface harmony is considered highly important to Chinese. Intermediaries are highly useful in negotiations as they provide back channels for information that might prove too sensitive or risky. However, anger may be expressed directly for strategic purposes. 5. 3 Social relationships Chinese manage their social relationships by an imaginary circle that surrounds them. Relatives, friends, neighbours, classmates and co-workers are within the circle. These people have relationships with one another and hence, bear some sort of obligation. Chinese tend to go all out for them, be it putting themselves at great inconvenience or even ethically questionable circumstances. The rest of the world, whom a Chinese treats like a stranger, remains outside of the circle to whom with no particular obligation. 5. 4 Non-verbal communication. Chinese have various non-verbal communications. Firstly, Chinese tends to have a shorter social distance compared to many western cultures, for example, a Chinese friend might stand a little close to you for comfort or breathing directly into your face when talking to you. Furthermore, if one steps backwards, his/her Chinese counterpart may advance accordingly. When dealing with a Chinese, particularly the older ones, one should not touch a member of the opposite sex you do not know extremely well as other types of physical contact can be misinterpreted. However, it is said to be perfectly acceptable for Chinese to be physical with members of the same sex. Traditionally, Chinese are seldom demonstrative with the opposite sex in public. Therefore, foreigners should keep in mind that they are well advised to avoid more passionate forms of contact besides holding hands with a companion. During a conversation, one should not slink down in chairs as they are deemed disrespectful. Furthermore, some Chinese will avoid meeting one’s eyes or smile. This is a sign of shyness or keeping feelings to themselves. Thus should not be confused with insincerity, unfriendliness or anger. Silence is a virtue for it represents reflection or a sign of politeness. Gestures such as â€Å"come here† by curling index finger upward, â€Å"okay† sign with thumb and forefinger forming a circle, and shrugging of shoulders showing â€Å"I don’t know† may not be understood by the Chinese. Nodding or shaking of head, thumbs-up and clapping of hands for applauding are universally accepted gestures. 5. 5 Ways to reject a Chinese Rejecting people or saying ‘no’ can result in losing face, therefore the Chinese devised a number of methods of refusing without saying ‘no’. Ways to reject are, saying to grant the wish would be â€Å"inconvenient† as it means there are political problems associated with fulfilling a request, or it is â€Å"under consideration† or â€Å"being discussed†. This generally means that something is unlikely to happen. Another way is to blame someone else for the roadblock by finding a scapegoat. Lastly, a Chinese may tell a lie such as inventing a story to get out of the uncomfortable position in which a person feels placed. 11. References and Acknowledgements 1. De Mente Boye. (2004). Chinese etiquette ethics in business. Boston: McGraw-Hill. 2. Scott D. Seligman. (1999). Chinese Business Etiquette: a guide to protocol, manners, and culture in the People’s Republic of China. United States of America: A Time Warner Company 3. About. com: China Online (n. d. ). Retrieved on June 13, 2007. http://chineseculture. about. com/od/businessculture/Chinese_Business_Culture. htm 4. Communicaid global communication: doing business in China. (n. d. ). Retrieved on June 13, 2007. http://www. communicaid. com/chinese-business-culture. asp 5. Chinese Culture. (n. d. ). Retrieved on June 13, 2007. http://www. chinese-culture. net/html/chinese_business_culture. html 6. Kwintessential- Language and culture specialists (n. d. ). Retrieved on June 13, 2007. http://www. kwintessential. co. uk/cultural-services/articles/china-business-culture. html 7. China’s GDP grows 10. 7% in 2006. (January 25, 2007). ChinaDaily. com. cn. Retrieved on June 25, 2007. from http://www. chinadaily. com. cn/china/2007-01/25/content_792311_2. htm 8. Economy – Economic Structure Trends. (2006). Retrieved on June 20, 2007. http://china-europe-usa. com/level_4_data/eco/042_3. htm 9. China – Business etiquette, manners and cross cultural communication. (n. d. ). Retrieved on June 15, 2007. http://www. cyborlink. com/besite/china. htm 10. China – Business Travel Etiquette. (n. d. ). Retrieved on June 15, 2007. http://www. crazycolour. com/os/china_02. shtml 11. Business Card Etiquette by Neil Payne. (n. d. ). Retrieved on June 15, 2007. http://www. sideroad. com/Business_Etiquette/business-card-etiquette. html.